Hi, all. I'm testing Linux MMU version, on my NEEK. http://www.nioswiki.com/linux It works fine and I can use "bash" shell. This is the evident proof that we are using the true 'fork' instead of 'vfork'. May be this will depends on the version, but TSE driver claims an error and doesn't work on this design. The error is ERROR: altera_tse.c:1666: request_mem_region() failed I think that this error is caused by misunderstanding of the usage for the function request_mem_region(). Inside of the request_mem_region(), the function __request_region() is called. If the resource has been already registered, this function returns a non-NULL value, that is the pointer for its resource. But the resource 'sgdma_rx_base' is already registered in the initialization process, so this function returns the 'conflict' and if (!request_mem_region(sgdma_rx_base, sgdma_rx_size, "altera_tse")) { is always true. So I made a dirty patch, if (!request_mem_region(sgdma_rx_base, sgdma_rx_size, "altera_tse")) { reg_resource = __request_region(&iomem_resource, sgdma_rx_base, sgdma_rx_size, "altera_tse", 0); if (reg_resource != NULL && reg_resource->flags & IORESOURCE_BUSY) { printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: %s:%d: request_mem_region() failed\n", __FILE__, __LINE__); ret = -EBUSY; goto out_sgdma_rx; } } Moreover, the author is forgetting that the DMA is working in the physical address world, so we need to set the pointers of descripters like // desc->source = read_addr; desc->source = virt_to_phys(read_addr); // desc->destination = write_addr; desc->destination = virt_to_phys(write_addr); // desc->next = (unsigned int *)next; desc->next = (unsigned int *)((unsigned long)next & 0x1fffffffUL); and so on. Also the frame buffer fb0 will not work well, because the driver 'altfb.c' is not implemented for Linux with MMU version. So I put some codes for altfb_mmap(), like /* We implement our own mmap to set MAY_SHARE and add the correct size */ static int altfb_mmap(struct fb_info *info, struct vm_area_struct *vma) { unsigned long phys_addr, phys_size; unsigned long addr; unsigned long size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start; unsigned long offset = vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT; // vma->vm_flags |= VM_MAYSHARE | VM_SHARED; // vma->vm_start = info->screen_base; // vma->vm_end = vma->vm_start + info->fix.smem_len; /* check range */ if (vma->vm_pgoff > (~0UL >> PAGE_SHIFT)) return -EINVAL; if (offset + size > altfb_fix.smem_len) return -EINVAL; vma->vm_flags |= VM_IO | VM_RESERVED; addr = vma->vm_start; phys_addr = altfb_fix.smem_start + offset; if ((offset + size) < altfb_fix.smem_len) phys_size = size; else phys_size = altfb_fix.smem_len - offset; vma->vm_page_prot = __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_READ|_PAGE_WRITE); if (remap_pfn_range(vma, addr, phys_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, phys_size, vma->vm_page_prot)) return -EAGAIN; return 0; } and rewrite the DMA descripters like desc->next = (void *)virt_to_phys((desc + 1)); So now, I can evoke telnetd and control NEEK through ethernet, and use Nano-X on Linux MMU version, but can't enter ftp session, because 'getservbyname()' function will not work well. I don't know the directory that the souce of 'getservbyname()' is included. Would anyone please tell me where is it? Thank you, in advance.

Thank you very much. Your feedback is very helpful. The getservbyname is of glibc nss/inet. Please follow this file to get the toolchain source, http://sopc.et.ntust.edu.tw/pub/gnutools/nios2gcc4/readme - Hippo

Maybe lib nss is missing, Please try turn off trim libs with, Blackfin build options --> Cull unused ELF shared libraries --> no - Hippo

Hi, Thank you, Hippo. By selecting 'Blackfin build options --> Cull unused ELF shared libraries --> no', I was able to add the libraries 'libnss***.so' to /lib. Now 'inetd' and 'ftpd' are working well. But it seems that 'getenv()' that is used in 'ts_calibrate', will not work well yet. I haven't found the cause out and understood whether this is generated by libraries or not. I have another question. In 'nios2-linux/linux-2.6/arch/nios2/mm/dma-noncoherent.c', the function 'dma_alloc_coherent()' uses a macro 'UNCAC_ADDR()'. This macro transfers the input address like # define UNCAC_ADDR(addr) ((addr) - PAGE_OFFSET + UNCAC_BASE) but, UNCAC_BASE is set # define UNCAC_BASE 0xa0000000 in 'spaces.h'. Why? This memory space has a special meaning?

I think the uncached mapping was strange. I am reworking the UNCAC_ADDR in page.h, like, # define UNCAC_ADDR(addr) ((void *)((unsigned)(addr) | IO_REGION_BASE))# define CAC_ADDR(addr) ((void *)((unsigned)(addr) & ~IO_REGION_BASE | KERNEL_REGION_BASE)) Please also change the mmap in uClinux-dist/lib/tslib-1.0/tests/fbutils.c to shared_map. I will commit this later. - Hippo

Fixed altfb, it was a bug to use ioremap to map return of kzalloc for sgdma descriptor table. Please see the update in unstable-nios2mmu branch of linux-2.6.git of sopc server. - Hippo

Forum Discussion

Altera_Forum

Honored Contributor

16 years ago

Linux with MMU on NEEK

Hi, all.

I'm testing Linux MMU version, on my NEEK.

http://www.nioswiki.com/linux

It works fine and I can use "bash" shell. This is the evident proof that we are using the true 'fork' instead of 'vfork'.

May be this will depends on the version, but TSE driver claims an error and doesn't work on this design. The error is


ERROR: altera_tse.c:1666: request_mem_region() failed

I think that this error is caused by misunderstanding of the usage for the function request_mem_region(). Inside of the request_mem_region(), the function __request_region() is called. If the resource has been already registered, this function returns a non-NULL value, that is the pointer for its resource. But the resource 'sgdma_rx_base' is already registered in the initialization process, so this function returns the 'conflict' and


    if (!request_mem_region(sgdma_rx_base, sgdma_rx_size, "altera_tse")) {

is always true. So I made a dirty patch,


    if (!request_mem_region(sgdma_rx_base, sgdma_rx_size, "altera_tse")) {
        reg_resource = __request_region(&iomem_resource, sgdma_rx_base, sgdma_rx_size, "altera_tse", 0);
        if (reg_resource != NULL && reg_resource->flags & IORESOURCE_BUSY) {
            printk(KERN_ERR "ERROR: %s:%d: request_mem_region() failed\n", __FILE__, __LINE__);
            ret = -EBUSY;
            goto out_sgdma_rx;
        }
    }

Moreover, the author is forgetting that the DMA is working in the physical address world,

so we need to set the pointers of descripters like


//    desc->source = read_addr;
    desc->source = virt_to_phys(read_addr);
//    desc->destination = write_addr;
    desc->destination = virt_to_phys(write_addr);
//    desc->next = (unsigned int *)next;
    desc->next = (unsigned int *)((unsigned long)next & 0x1fffffffUL);

and so on.

Also the frame buffer fb0 will not work well, because the driver 'altfb.c' is not implemented for Linux with MMU version. So I put some codes for altfb_mmap(), like


/* We implement our own mmap to set MAY_SHARE and add the correct size */
static int altfb_mmap(struct fb_info *info, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
    unsigned long phys_addr, phys_size;
    unsigned long addr;
    unsigned long size = vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start;
    unsigned long offset = vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
//    vma->vm_flags |= VM_MAYSHARE | VM_SHARED;
//    vma->vm_start = info->screen_base;
//    vma->vm_end = vma->vm_start + info->fix.smem_len;
    /* check range */
    if (vma->vm_pgoff > (~0UL >> PAGE_SHIFT))
        return -EINVAL;
    if (offset + size > altfb_fix.smem_len)
        return -EINVAL;
    vma->vm_flags |= VM_IO | VM_RESERVED;
    addr = vma->vm_start;
    phys_addr = altfb_fix.smem_start + offset;
    if ((offset + size) < altfb_fix.smem_len)
        phys_size = size;
    else
        phys_size = altfb_fix.smem_len - offset;
    vma->vm_page_prot = __pgprot(_PAGE_PRESENT|_PAGE_READ|_PAGE_WRITE);
    if (remap_pfn_range(vma, addr, phys_addr >> PAGE_SHIFT, phys_size, vma->vm_page_prot))
        return -EAGAIN;
    return 0;
}

and rewrite the DMA descripters like


            desc->next = (void *)virt_to_phys((desc + 1));

So now, I can evoke telnetd and control NEEK through ethernet, and use Nano-X on Linux MMU version, but can't enter ftp session, because 'getservbyname()' function will not work well.

I don't know the directory that the souce of 'getservbyname()' is included. Would anyone please tell me where is it?

Thank you, in advance.

95 Replies

Altera_Forum

Honored Contributor

16 years ago

Hi, Kazu

Thank you for your response, the problem has been solved by your advice. But the new confusion was that nothing appeared on the screen and Nano-X seemed running correctly:


/#  nano-X &
 686 nano-X
/#  nanowm &
 687 nanowm
/#  nxclock &
 688 nxclock

And the linux init messages is below


$ nios2-terminal
nios2-terminal: connected to hardware target using JTAG UART on cable
nios2-terminal: &quot;USB-Blaster &quot;, device 1, instance 1
nios2-terminal: (Use the IDE stop button or Ctrl-C to terminate)
Linux version 2.6.30-00494-g84a224b-dirty (alex@alex-desktop) (gcc version 4.1.2)# 38 Thu Aug 12 16:36:39 CST 2010
console  enabled
Early printk initialized
Linux/Nios II-MMU
init_bootmem_node(?,0x50c, 0x0, 0x2000)
free_bootmem(0x50c000, 0x1af4000)
reserve_bootmem(0x50c000, 0x400)
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 8128
Kernel command line: 
NR_IRQS:32
PID hash table entries: 128 (order: 7, 512 bytes)
Console: colour dummy device 80x25
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
We have 8192 pages of RAM
Memory available: 27300k/5165k RAM, 0k/0k ROM (1577k kernel code, 3588k data)
Calibrating delay loop... 49.25 BogoMIPS (lpj=246272)
Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
net_namespace: 296 bytes
NET: Registered protocol family 16
init_BSP(): registering device resources
bio: create slab <bio-0> at 0
NET: Registered protocol family 2
IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP established hash table entries: 1024 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
TCP bind hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 1024 bind 1024)
TCP reno registered
NET: Registered protocol family 1
msgmni has been set to 53
io scheduler noop registered
io scheduler anticipatory registered
io scheduler deadline registered
io scheduler cfq registered (default)
fb0: Altera FB frame buffer device
ttyJ0 at MMIO 0x8001410 (irq = 7) is a Altera JTAG UART
console handover: boot  -> real 
altps2 : base e8001420 irq 9
mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
TCP cubic registered
NET: Registered protocol family 17
atkbd.c: keyboard reset failed on altps2.0
Welcome to
          ____ _  _
         /  __| ||_|                 
    _   _| |  | | _ ____  _   _  _  _ 
   | | | | |  | || |  _ \| | | |\ \/ /
   | |_| | |__| || | | | | |_| |/    
   |  ___\____|_||_|_| |_|\____|\_/\_/
   | |
   |_|
For further information check:
http://www.uclinux.org/
BusyBox v1.15.1 (2010-08-12 16:35:17 CST) hush - the humble shell
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

please give me some advices when your are free, and thank you again.

--Smarter.UJS

Altera_Forum

Honored Contributor

16 years ago

Hi,

--- Quote Start ---

But the new confusion was that nothing appeared on the screen and Nano-X seemed running correctly:


/#  nano-X &
 686 nano-X
/#  nanowm &
 687 nanowm
/#  nxclock &
 688 nxclock

--- Quote End ---

Have you revised that the all DMA descriptors use physical addresses? For example,


} __attribute__ ((packed)) sgdma_desc;
# include <asm/cacheflush.h>  // <-- to use 'flush_cache_all()'
static int altfb_dma_start(unsigned long start, unsigned long len)
{
    unsigned long base =
        (unsigned long)ioremap(SGDMABASE, ALTERA_SGDMA_IO_EXTENT);
    sgdma_desc *desc, *desc1;
    int ndesc = (len + DISPLAY_BYTES_PER_DESC - 1) / DISPLAY_BYTES_PER_DESC;
    int ndesc_size = sizeof(sgdma_desc) * ndesc;
    int i;
    writel(ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL_SOFTWARERESET_MSK,
           base + ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL);    /* halt current transfer */
    writel(0, base + ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL);    /* disable interrupts */
    writel(0xff, base + ALTERA_SGDMA_STATUS);    /* clear status */
    /* assume cache line size is 32, which is required by sgdma desc */
    desc1 = kzalloc(ndesc_size, GFP_KERNEL);
    if (desc1 == NULL)
        return -ENOMEM;
//    desc1 = ioremap((unsigned long)desc1, ndesc_size);
    for (i = 0, desc = desc1; i < ndesc; i++, desc++) {
        unsigned ctrl = ALTERA_SGDMA_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL_OWNED_BY_HW_MSK;
        desc->read_addr = (void *)start;
        if (i == (ndesc - 1)) {
//            desc->next = (void *)desc1;
            desc->next = (void *)virt_to_phys(desc1);
            desc->bytes_to_transfer = len;
            ctrl |=
                ALTERA_SGDMA_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL_GENERATE_EOP_MSK;
        } else {
//            desc->next = (void *)(desc + 1);
            desc->next = (void *)virt_to_phys((desc + 1));
            desc->bytes_to_transfer = DISPLAY_BYTES_PER_DESC;
        }
        if (i == 0)
            ctrl |=
                ALTERA_SGDMA_DESCRIPTOR_CONTROL_GENERATE_SOP_MSK;
        desc->control = ctrl;
        start += DISPLAY_BYTES_PER_DESC;
        len -= DISPLAY_BYTES_PER_DESC;
    }
//    writel((unsigned long)desc1, base + ALTERA_SGDMA_NEXT_DESC_POINTER);
    writel(((unsigned long)virt_to_phys(desc1)), base + ALTERA_SGDMA_NEXT_DESC_POINTER);
    writel(ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL_RUN_MSK | ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL_PARK_MSK,
           base + ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL);    /* start */
    flush_cache_all();   // <- To flush descriptors from the cache.  Indeed, it's enough to flush the D-cache.
    return 0;
}# else
static int altfb_dma_start(unsigned long start, unsigned long len)

Kazu

Altera_Forum

Honored Contributor

16 years ago

Oh, sorry. It's racing.

The descriptors must be flushed before we re-start the DMA.


//    writel((unsigned long)desc1, base + ALTERA_SGDMA_NEXT_DESC_POINTER);
    writel(((unsigned long)virt_to_phys(desc1)), base + ALTERA_SGDMA_NEXT_DESC_POINTER);
    flush_cache_all();  // <- Must be here.
    writel(ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL_RUN_MSK | ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL_PARK_MSK,
           base + ALTERA_SGDMA_CONTROL);    /* start */
    // flush_cache_all();   // <- To flush descriptors from the cache.  Indeed, it's enough to flush the D-cache.
    return 0;
}

Kazu

Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
16 years ago
Hi, Kazu
I appreciate your help very much! Last time I modified my altfb.c but not use 'flush_cache_all();', so I met the problem above. And this time, with your help, I made it! My Screen is working now!
Thank you for your advices and help again!

Best Regards.

--Smarter.UJS
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
16 years ago
Hi Kazuyasu-san,

I just stumbled across this thread and saw your many valuable contributions (e.g. kgdb support, swap support) some of which are not yet merged into the nios2mmu Linux Kernel branch on sopc.

Currently I'm in the process of merging the unstable branch (nios2 w/o MMU) into nios2mmu and also cleaning up some edges and ends of the code along the way.

I'd really like to get your contributions into the tree and thus would like to Cc: you on the patches I send to the nios2-dev mailinglist for review. Could you send me your email address via private message for that?

Thanks a lot
Tobias
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
15 years ago
Hi,

What's the difference between this Linux distribution and http://nioswiki.com/@api/deki/files/296/=neek_web_server_mmu.zip? What kernel version are they? Or perhaps, in terms of SOPC, what are the difference in terms of peripherals added, other than MMU-enabled, compared to neek_ocm_spi_mmu.zip, especially with /example/standard?

Where can I find full featured SOPC for NEEK? Where can I find Linux distribution for kernel version 2.6.32?

I am looking for ethernet for NFS and LCD with touch screen for display.

Thanks for your help, Wiki still confuses me.
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
15 years ago
Hi,

--- Quote Start ---

Where can I find full featured SOPC for NEEK? Where can I find Linux distribution for kernel version 2.6.32?

I am looking for ethernet for NFS and LCD with touch screen for display.

Thanks for your help, Wiki still confuses me.

--- Quote End ---

The Linux with MMU for Nios2 distribution is still under construction, and you must solve many problems by yourself. Frankly speaking, I think it is a little bit hard to rebuild the kernel for linux and Nios beginners.

Kazu

Altera_Forum

Honored Contributor

15 years ago

Hi,

The previous version of 'kgdb' will not read the Nios's registers r17~r23.

http://www.alteraforum.com/forum/showpost.php?p=77003&postcount=20

But the kernel sometimes uses those for the locations of its local variables, so we must read and write the registers r17~r23. To do this, please add codes to the file 'entry.S'


handle_diverror:
    call handle_illegal_c
    br ret_from_exception
# ifdef CONFIG_KGDB
handle_kgdb_breakpoint:
    SAVE_SWITCH_STACK        // <-- Add this.
    call kgdb_breakpoint_c
    RESTORE_SWITCH_STACK        // <-- Add this.
    br ret_from_exception# endif

and modify the file 'kgdb.c' of the nios arch like


void pt_regs_to_gdb_regs(unsigned long *gdb_regs, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
    gdb_regs = 0;
    gdb_regs = regs->r1;
    gdb_regs = regs->r2;
    gdb_regs = regs->r3;
    gdb_regs = regs->r4;
    gdb_regs = regs->r5;
    gdb_regs = regs->r6;
    gdb_regs = regs->r7;
    gdb_regs = regs->r8;
    gdb_regs = regs->r9;
    gdb_regs = regs->r10;
    gdb_regs = regs->r11;
    gdb_regs = regs->r12;
    gdb_regs = regs->r13;
    gdb_regs = regs->r14;
    gdb_regs = regs->r15;
    gdb_regs = regs->ra;
    gdb_regs = regs->fp;
    gdb_regs = regs->sp;
    gdb_regs = regs->gp;
    gdb_regs = regs->estatus;
    gdb_regs = regs->ea;
    gdb_regs = regs->ea;
    {
        struct switch_stack *swregs = (struct switch_stack *)regs;
        swregs--;
        gdb_regs = swregs->r16;
        gdb_regs = swregs->r17;
        gdb_regs = swregs->r18;
        gdb_regs = swregs->r19;
        gdb_regs = swregs->r20;
        gdb_regs = swregs->r21;
        gdb_regs = swregs->r22;
        gdb_regs = swregs->r23;
    }
}
void gdb_regs_to_pt_regs(unsigned long *gdb_regs, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
    regs->r1 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r2 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r3 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r4 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r5 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r6 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r7 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r8 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r9 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r10 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r11 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r12 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r13 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r14 = gdb_regs;
    regs->r15 = gdb_regs;
    regs->ra = gdb_regs;
    regs->fp = gdb_regs;
    regs->sp = gdb_regs;
    regs->gp = gdb_regs;
    regs->estatus = gdb_regs;
    regs->ea = gdb_regs;
    {
        struct switch_stack *swregs = (struct switch_stack *)regs;
        swregs--;
        swregs->r16 = gdb_regs;
        swregs->r17 = gdb_regs;
        swregs->r18 = gdb_regs;
        swregs->r19 = gdb_regs;
        swregs->r20 = gdb_regs;
        swregs->r21 = gdb_regs;
        swregs->r22 = gdb_regs;
        swregs->r23 = gdb_regs;
    }
}

Kazu

Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
15 years ago
--- Quote Start ---
Hi,

The Linux with MMU for Nios2 distribution is still under construction, and you must solve many problems by yourself. Frankly speaking, I think it is a little bit hard to rebuild the kernel for linux and Nios beginners.

Kazu
--- Quote End ---

I am now confused with your answer compared to nioswiki, and what things unresolved to have a full-running Linux (uClinux + MMU) in Nios2 distribution?
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
15 years ago
Hi,

--- Quote Start ---
I am now confused with your answer compared to nioswiki, and what things unresolved to have a full-running Linux (uClinux + MMU) in Nios2 distribution?
--- Quote End ---

I'm using the Linux version 2.6.30 with my patches individually. And these patches are described all in this thread, but not included into the community distribution. (I don't know the reason.)
So if you want to use NEEK's LCD and ether-net , please read this thread and apply the patches that you need. Or if you only want to use the pre-compiled NEEK's hardware and its kernel, I will attach those.

Kazu

Forum Discussion

Linux with MMU on NEEK

95 Replies

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