DE1 Board broken??!

Stripboard isn't really suitable for wiring stuff to the GPIO headers on a DE1, because the header pins are only one row of holes apart, so it's tricky to break the tracks between opposite pins on the header.

If you *didn't* break the tracks between them I'm not surprised the board got fried! If you look at the DE1's schematic, you'll see that pin 11 on the GPIO headers carries +5v, but the pin opposite, pin 12, is grounded. Likewise for pins 29 & 30, +3.3v and gnd respectively.

With your board connected, +5v, gnd and +3.3v were all shorted together, which explains why it wouldn't start up, and why something got fried.