hello! I explant my uclinux system form arm(Samsung 4510) to nios2, I need build ppp with serial port, so we need pppd, now I have a terrible problem,I find the pppd consume neraly 1.2M sdram. I can&#39;t abide it, beacause only 300kb memory is needed in the arm system. I indeed the source is same in the two plats. who can help me? Thank you for all response!

Did your arm have shared obj? The current nios2 did not support shared obj yet. Another question, how do you take the size of the exec obj?

--- Quote Start --- originally posted by hippo@Mar 8 2006, 09:15 AM did your arm have shared obj? the current nios2 did not support shared obj yet. another question, how do you take the size of the exec obj? <div align='right'><{post_snapback}> (index.php?act=findpost&pid=13221) --- quote end --- --- Quote End --- Hi,hippo! Thanks for your repsonds, there are no mmu in the both flatforms arm and nios2, I only use the lib uClibc, I am a begginer, so I don&#39;t know share obj clearly. I get the memory size of the pppd exec through catting the /proc/meminfo content. I think the free memory&#39;s difference between before and after the pppd run is the memory size of pppd used.In addition, I find 1.2M excess memory is impropriated at the begging of ppp building.In other word, the pppd process need almost 2.4Mb memory when they attempt building ppp link with remote. After the ppp link is successful build, the excess 1.2Mb memory will be free can you tell another better mothod to caculater the memory size of the exec obj clearly? Thanks a lot.

Did you count in buffer/cache for free memory? Use "free" command is easier than "cat /proc/meminfo", you should include buffer/cache for free memory.

Hi, hippo. thank you for your help.I find the size of cache and the buffer isn&#39;t change,the only difference of the memory info before and after pppd run is freemem.the result is same by "cat /proc/meminfo" and using free command. in addition, I find all the application use more memory than arm. I am looking forward to you reply, thank you very much

Hi smalllight, Let try find out what&#39;s the diff in exec, please use xxxxx-flthdr to each of them.

who can help me save my memory? | Altera Community

18 Replies

Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
20 years ago
ll
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
20 years ago
Please remove your e-mail address in previous post.

Sorry, there is no /proc//maps in nios uclinux.
Please try /proc/(your ppd process id)/status and statm.

Altera_Forum

Honored Contributor

20 years ago

hippo,Thanks you a lot.

this the result:

<div class='quotetop'>QUOTE </div>

--- Quote Start ---

nios flatforum[/b]

--- Quote End ---

# cat /proc/74/status
Name:   pppd
State:  S (sleeping)
SleepAVG:       87%
Tgid:   74
Pid:    74
PPid:   64
TracerPid:      0
Uid:    0       0       0       0
Gid:    0       0       0       0
FDSize: 32
Groups:
Mem:      544160 bytes
Slack:    229815 bytes
Shared:        0 bytes
Threads:        1
SigPnd: 0000000000000000
ShdPnd: 0000000000000000
SigBlk: 0000000000000000
SigIgn: 0000000000081006
SigCgt: 0000000057816ef9
CapInh: 0000000000000000
CapPrm: 00000000fffffeff
CapEff: 00000000fffffeff#  cat /proc/74/statm
1065672 1065672 0 146416 0 377528 0

<div class='quotetop'>QUOTE </div>

--- Quote Start ---

arm platform[/b]

--- Quote End ---

# cat /proc/65/status
Name:   pppd
State:  S (sleeping)
Tgid:   65
Pid:    65
PPid:   44
TracerPid:      0
Uid:    0       0       0       0
Gid:    0       0       0       0
FDSize: 32
Groups:
Mem:      239584 bytes
Slack:      1292 bytes
Shared:        0 bytes
SigPnd: 0000000000000000
SigBlk: 0000000000000000
SigIgn: 0000000000081006
SigCgt: 0000000057816ef9
CapInh: 0000000000000000
CapPrm: 00000000fffffeff
CapEff: 00000000fffffeff#  cat /proc/65/statm
113 113 0 37 0 20 0

Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
20 years ago
I think there may be problems in memory management of nios2 kernel.
How about other apps? Do they have the same problems?
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
20 years ago
Thank you hippo for all your coaching.
my god! evey apps have this problem. the mm code is a sealed book for me.

In addition,I want to download my kernel image from my pc by u-boot.
Do you know how can I use the u-boot's ftp service?
Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
20 years ago
I don't use uboot. Scott is an expert on it.
I will look at the mm code when I have time.

Altera_Forum

Honored Contributor

20 years ago

Our nios2linux Cross Compiler:

1. bin files from Altera nios2 tools CD under redhat , and we copied them to proper directories.

2. build some nessary tools according "hippo_mini_nios2linux",such as elf2flt

3. modify config.arch to export CROSS_COMPILE, CC...

So we guess there are some mistakes happens.

Here we copy our modified config.arch

############################################################################# #  Settings for building user apps# 
ifdef UCLINUX_BUILD_USER
    SLIBC        = -lc
    SLIBM        = -lm
    SLIBNET      =# -lnet#jwq:20051010 avoid route error
    SLIBDES      = -ldes
    SLIBAES      = -laes
    SLIBPCAP     = -lpcap
    SLIBSSL      = -lssl
    SLIBCRYPTO   = -lcrypto
  ifeq ($(LIBCDIR),libc)
    SLIBCRYPT    = -lcrypt_old  
  else
    SLIBCRYPT    = -lcrypt# //modi by zlx# reModified :jwq: 20051010 for avoiding pppd error
   # SLIBCRYPT    = -lcrypt_old  
  endif
    SLIBPTHREAD  = -lpthread
    LIBC        = $(SLIBC)
    LIBM        = $(SLIBM)
    LIBNET      = $(SLIBNET)
    LIBDES      = $(SLIBDES)
    LIBAES      = $(SLIBAES)
    LIBPCAP     = $(SLIBPCAP)
    LIBSSL      = $(SLIBSSL)
    LIBCRYPTO   = $(SLIBCRYPTO)
    LIBPTHREAD  = $(SLIBPTHREAD)
    LIBCRYPT    = $(SLIBCRYPT)
    LIBGCC      = -lgcc
    LIBIBERTY   = -liberty
    LIBIO       = -lio
    LIBIOSTREAM = -liostream
    LIBSTDCPP   = -lstdc++
    LDPATH = 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/. 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/lib 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libm 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libnet 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libdes 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libaes 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libpcap 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libcrypt_old 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libssl 
      -L$(ROOTDIR)/lib/zlib
    INCLIBC = -I$(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/include
    INCLIBM = -I$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libm
    INCNET  = -I$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libnet
    INCDES  = -I$(ROOTDIR)/freeswan/libdes
    INCAES  = -I$(ROOTDIR)/freeswan/libcrypto/libaes
    INCGMP  = -I$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libgmp
    INCPCAP = -I$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libpcap
    INCSSL  = -I$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libssl/include
    INCZ    = -I$(ROOTDIR)/lib/zlib
    INCVEND = -I$(ROOTDIR)/vendors/include
    INCCRYPTOLD = -I$(ROOTDIR)/lib/libcrypt_old
  ifdef CONFIG_USER_DEBUG
    CFLAGS  :=  $(if $(UOPT),$(UOPT),-O1) -g
  else
    CFLAGS  :=  $(if $(UOPT),$(UOPT),-O2) -g -Wall -fomit-frame-pointer
  endif
    CFLAGS  += $(CPUFLAGS)
    CFLAGS  += $(VENDOR_CFLAGS)
    CFLAGS  += -Dlinux -D__linux__ -Dunix -D__uClinux__ -DEMBED
    CFLAGS  += $(INCLIBC) $(INCLIBM) $(INCCRYPTOLD)
    CFLAGS  += -I$(ROOTDIR)
    CFLAGS  += -fno-builtin
    CFLAGS  += -nostartfiles
  ifndef DISABLE_XIP
    CFLAGS  += -D__PIC__ -fpic -msingle-pic-base
  endif
   # 
   #  the following is needed for 2.4
   # 
    CFLAGS  += -I$(ROOTDIR)/$(LINUXDIR)/include
    CXXFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) $(INCCXX)
  ifeq ($(LIBCDIR),libc)
    LDFLAGS  = $(CFLAGS) -Wl,-elf2flt $(ROOTDIR)/lib/libc/crt0.o
  else
   # LDFLAGS  = $(CFLAGS) -Wl,-elf2flt $(ROOTDIR)/lib/$(LIBCDIR)/lib/crt0.o 
   #     $(ROOTDIR)/lib/$(LIBCDIR)/lib/crti.o 
   #     $(ROOTDIR)/lib/$(LIBCDIR)/lib/crtn.o
   # jwq:20051005
    LDFLAGS  = $(CFLAGS) -Wl,-elf2flt $(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/lib/crt0.o 
    $(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/lib/crti.o 
    $(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/lib/crtn.o        
  endif
  ifndef DISABLE_MOVE_RODATA
      LDFLAGS += -Wl,-move-rodata
  endif
    LDFLAGS += $(LDPATH)
    LDLIBS         = $(LIBC)
    LDLIBS_static  = $(SLIBC)
    CXXLIBS        = $(LIBSTDCPP) $(LIBIOSTREAM) $(LIBIO) $(LIBIBERTY) 
      $(LIBC) $(LIBGCC)# #############################################################################  from nios Rules.mak in order to add right uClibc for nios only
CRT0  := $(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/lib/crt0.o
LIBC  := $(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/lib/libc.a
LIBGCC  := $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=libgcc.a)
LIBM     := $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=libm.a)
LIBGCCDIR   := $(dir $(LIBGCC))
LINKSCRIPT  := $(UTILSDIR)/elf2flt.ld
LDFLAGS   := -msys-crt0=$(CRT0) -r -d -L$(ROOTDIR)/$(LIBCDIR)/lib
LDLIBS    := $(LIBM) $(LIBGCC) $(LIBC)
# #############################################################################  from nios Rules.mak in order to add right uClibc for nios only#  but now it is not used #  because old arm one(CFLAHS)seems OK# CFLAGS := -nostdinc -D__linux__ -O2 -I$(ROOTDIR)/$(LINUXDIR)/include -I"d:/EDA/altera/kits/nios5/bin/eclipse/plugins/com.microtronix.nios2linux.uClibc_1.4.0"/include -I/cygdrive/d/EDA/altera/kits/nios5/bin/nios2-gnutools/H-i686-pc-cygwin/bin/../lib/gcc/nios2-elf/3.4.1//include -fno-optimize-sibling-calls -mhw-mul -mhw-mulx  -Wall# ##################    
  ifndef FLTFLAGS
    FLTFLAGS :=
  endif
    export FLTFLAGS
   #  for anyone still using it
    CONVERT = /bin/true
    UCLINUX_BUILD_SET=1
endif# ###########################################################################

and an example of makefile under a user application

#jwq:20051017
PROJ_NAME=chat
EXEC = $(PROJ_NAME).exe
OBJS = chat.o
ifdef CONFIG_USER_CHAT_CHAT_NETWORK
CFLAGS += -DENABLE_NETWORK_SUPPORT=1
endif
all: $(EXEC)# jwq:20051017
$(PROJ_NAME).bin: $(OBJS)
    $(CC) $(LDFLAGS) -o $@ $(OBJS) $(LDLIBS)
romfs:
    $(ROMFSINST) /bin/$(PROJ_NAME)
clean:
    -rm -f $(EXEC) *.elf *.gdb *.o *.bin *.exe $(PROJ_NAME)# ############################################################################  default stack size is 4K# # jwq:20051017
FLTFLAGS:=
WARNING_FLAGS := -Wall
%.exe : %.flt
    cp -f $< $@
    cp -f $@ $(PROJ_NAME)# #  Make a relocatable flat file from an ELF file.#  STACKSIZE is defined by individual makefiles.# 
%.flt : %.elf
    $(ELF2FLT) $(FLTFLAGS) -o $@ $<
# #  Make a relocatable ELF file.# 
%.elf : %.bin
    $(LD) -T $(LINKSCRIPT) -Ur -o $@ $<
    # ###########################################################################

there is one big difference:

we find that "-elf2flt" in LDFLAGS has no effect in original Makefile, so we modified Makefile to ELF2FLT explicitly in one step according to Microtronix's did in Nios2IDE.

here are messages in compling:

nios2-elf-gcc  -O2 -g -Wall -fomit-frame-pointer   -Dlinux -D__linux__ -Dunix -D__uClinux__ -DEMBED -I/home/nios2linux/user_nios2linux/../uClibc_1.4.0/include -I/home/nios2linux/user_nios2linux/lib/libm -I/home/nios2linux/user_nios2linux/lib/libcrypt_old -I/home/nios2linux/user_nios2linux -fno-builtin -nostartfiles -I/home/nios2linux/user_nios2linux/../linux-2.6.x/include   -c -o interface.o interface.c
nios2-elf-gcc  -msys-crt0=/home/nios2linux/user_nios2linux/../uClibc_1.4.0/lib/crt0.o -r -d -L/home/nios2linux/user_nios2linux/../uClibc_1.4.0/lib -o loadconfig.bin loadconfig.o conf.o util.o user.o interface.o ../public_function/mysem.o ../public_function/i2c-usr.o /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/nios2-elf/3.4.1/../../../../nios2-elf/lib/libm.a /usr/local/bin/../lib/gcc/nios2-elf/3.4.1/libgcc.a /home/nios2linux/user_nios2linux/../uClibc_1.4.0/lib/libc.a -lcrypt
nios2-elf-ld -T /usr/local/bin/elf2flt.ld -Ur -o loadconfig.elf loadconfig.bin
/usr/local/bin/nios2-elf-elf2flt  -o loadconfig.flt loadconfig.elf
cp -f loadconfig.flt loadconfig.exe
cp -f loadconfig.exe loadconfig
rm loadconfig.flt loadconfig.elf

Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
20 years ago
Yes, mountain8848 may be right. It could be problem of your build system.
I tested inetd, ftpd and boa on my board, and there is no mm problem.

I would suggest you try the guide on linux,
http://forum.niosforum.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=3174 (http://forum.niosforum.com/forum/index.php?showtopic=3174)

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who can help me save my memory?

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