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Does lpmmult_accum work without a clock?
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The MegFunction is essentailly representing a DSP block, it can work without a clock in some applications. To achieve speed to the FPGA limits, it will always refer to registered and pipelined operation. Also the other functions mentioned in the original post are more or less demanding for registered operation if perfomance is an objective.
The said data rate of 50 Hz is somehow unusual for FPGA applications. In terms of efficiency, a small 8-bit micro would be an appropriate solution for 50 Sps/s signal processing. If you want a FPGA to perform the calculations, sequential processing, e.g using a serial divider can save maybe 90 % of the fast parallel standard implementation's resource requirements.
If you want to implement pure combinational arithmetic, Quartus timing analysis will still tell you the total propagation delay you are asking for.