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freqz displays f normalised in radians so 1 means 0.5 of Fs and 0.3 means 0.15Fs.
Your thinking is right about loop and if somebody wants to jam you on .15 then take him to court. If he is doing legally adjacent to your band then set your nominal nco to a closer start such as .20
i is index of sample (time/period) and phase then equals that index as part of the gang i*2*pi *inc for the cos/sin values. Time here has no meaning until you apply specific Fs.
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Thank you Mr KAZ.
I hope you check that file and see if it can help to model our loop. (Actually it does have different behavior when you change - to + in error signal).