Accessing code on a Max10 FPGA

No, the .pof and/or .sof files are used to program the device image, and thus define the complete functionality of the target device.

The basic JTAG interface is defined in hardware (that is how you can access and program a blank device) but the programmed image can add features.

Based on prior comments, I don't see how "get_service_paths master" could return anything other than basic info about an unprogrammed device.

You should be able to (re-)program a (possibly blank) device just using command line tools.

Using "get_service_paths master" before a device is programmed does not seem to be a valid operation to me.