Rapid Compile with new signal in signaltap in a form of pre_synthesis

Your question isn't entirely clear, but yes, you'd have to recompile the design to include pre-synthesis nodes in Signal Tap (assuming we're talking about Pro here).

I'm not sure what you mean by "bring unknown error". Is your concern that the design functionality may change because you have to recompile? A bigger issue may be meeting timing closure (which could appear as functional issues), but if your source code hasn't changed and you just recompile to tap additional signals in Signal Tap, that typically won't affect functionality.