Random number generation and indexing into RAM/ROM block

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Yes you cannot initialize a array which is defined in vhdl as type array ( 0 to 15) of std_logic_vector( 15 down to 0 ), but you can initialize a ROM/RAM with .mif file , i have done with .mif generated using Matlab .

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You can easily initialise a rom with a function or a constant, no matter what the type declaration. Check the altera coding guidelines.

I don't think I fully understand the ops problem. It sounds like all you need is a rom that is setup using a vhdl function.