I "solved" it -- in ~/.altera.quartus there is a quartus2.reg file. Open it with a text editor and search for "Check_for_License_Updates". There may be multiple occurances, as each version of Quartus has its own set of entries in the file and if you've upgraded a few times, you will have entries for each version.
Anyway the setting must be turned off. The default is to enable license update checking.
Change this line:
General\Check_for_License_Updates=Yes
To this:
General\Check_for_License_Updates=No
This is only a stopgap measure until Altera or a member of the community can figure out what exactly is causing libssl to explode. I have already submitted an SR.