Quartus doesn't detect source file change

That's just how the tool works. Quartus will detect changes once you start compilation. If you enable smart compilation (Assignments -> Settings -> Compilation Process Settings -> "Use smart compilation) then only the Quartus processes that need to run will run based on what changes you made to the project files. For example, if you only change a timing constraint then synthesis does not need to run. If you change a source file then everything will run (and Quartus will generate a message that it detected source file changes).