Determining path for cell in netlist

Use the Name Finder to search on the get_pins function(rather than just adding it and doing a whole TimeQuest run to find it doesn't match anything). get_pins acts in a strange manner that I believe corresponds to other tools. The handbook describes it, but basically it has a -compatibility mode, or something like that(it's a checkbox in the Name Finder), that makes it work more like a name matching, wildcarding search that you probably want.

As for different .sdc files for fit and timing analysis, this is definitely possible, but I don't think it's readily available in the GUI because 99.9% of designs do not need this. (Altera generally does not recommend over-constraining your design, which is a common practice when dealing with some other vendors). I think you can do it just running from command line(look at the .flow.rpt to get the commands from a given push-button compile), and then modifying the quartus_sta command so it has --sdc=newsdc.sdc on it.