Can't run functional stimulation in Quartus 13.0 with Linux

I don't think the path to the Modelsim executable is correct.

It should be something similar to .../.../<version>/modelsim_ase/linux32aloem

Please also check the OS is supported.

https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/programmable/support-resources/design-software/os-support.html

Best Regards,

Richard Tan