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Double check to make sure you have Stratix V device support installed. The easiest way to verify this is to open Quartus II, then under the file menu select new project and create a dummy project so that you can view which device families have been installed.
Also if you are using a different language than English on your development machine try switching to English (US) and trying the compile again. There are known issues with a few languages that I'm aware of.
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I have just tried this - in Quartus II I started a new project and I could add Stratix V devices to the project. So I think they are installed.
aocl version
aocl 13.0.191 (Altera SDK for OpenCL, Version 13.0 Build 191, Copyright (C) 1991-2013 Altera Corporation)
Quartus II 64-Bit Quartus II
Version 13.0.0 Build 156 04/24/2013 SJ Full Version
Copyright (C) 1991-2013 Altera Corporation