Tutorial Video: How to boot uClinux on NIOS II Processor with MMU

There is the header that I generated from DE2_115_SOPC.sopc (from DE2_115_NIOS_HOST_MOUSE_VGA.qar) by "sopc-create-config-files" (from http://www.alterawiki.com/wiki/dasuboot)

# ifndef _M_H_# define _M_H_
/* generated from DE2_115_SOPC.sopc */
/* cpu.data_master is a altera_nios2 */# define CONFIG_SYS_CLK_FREQ 0# define CONFIG_SYS_RESET_ADDR 0xca604000# define CONFIG_SYS_EXCEPTION_ADDR 0xca604020# define CONFIG_SYS_ICACHE_SIZE 4096# define CONFIG_SYS_ICACHELINE_SIZE 32# define CONFIG_SYS_DCACHE_SIZE 4096# define CONFIG_SYS_DCACHELINE_SIZE 32# define IO_REGION_BASE 0xe0000000
/* timer_0.s1 is a altera_avalon_timer */# define CONFIG_SYS_TIMER_BASE 0xea60a400# define CONFIG_SYS_TIMER_IRQ 0# define CONFIG_SYS_TIMER_FREQ 0
/* sdram.s1 is a altera_avalon_new_sdram_controller */# define CONFIG_SYS_SDRAM_BASE 0xc0000000# define CONFIG_SYS_SDRAM_SIZE 0x08000000
/* onchip_mem.s1 is a altera_avalon_onchip_memory2 */# define ONCHIP_MEM_BASE 0xea604000
/* touch_panel_pen_irq_n.s1 is a altera_avalon_pio */# define TOUCH_PANEL_PEN_IRQ_N_BASE 0xe8010000
/* I2S_ctrl.avalon_slave is a Audio */# define I2S_CTRL_BASE 0xe8000600
/* sgdma_tx.csr is a altera_avalon_sgdma */# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_TSE_SGDMA_TX_BASE 0xe8702400
/* lcd.control_slave is a altera_avalon_lcd_16207 */# define LCD_BASE 0xe80000e0
/* ISP1362.hc is a ISP1362_IF */# define ISP1362_BASE 0xea60a450
/* pio_switch.s1 is a altera_avalon_pio */# define PIO_SWITCH_BASE 0xe80000c0
/* ISP1362.dc is a ISP1362_IF */# define ISP1362_BASE 0xea60a458
/* mmc_spi.spi_control_port is a altera_avalon_spi */# define MMC_SPI_BASE 0xe8000120# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_SPI_LIST { MMC_SPI_BASE }# define CONFIG_ALTERA_SPI# define CONFIG_CMD_SPI# define CONFIG_CMD_MMC# define CONFIG_MMC# define CONFIG_GENERIC_MMC# define CONFIG_CMD_MMC_SPI# define CONFIG_MMC_SPI# define CONFIG_MMC_SPI_BUS 0# define CONFIG_MMC_SPI_CS 0# define CONFIG_MMC_SPI_SPEED 30000000# define CONFIG_MMC_SPI_MODE SPI_MODE_3# define CONFIG_CMD_FAT# define CONFIG_DOS_PARTITION
/* touch_panel_spi.spi_control_port is a altera_avalon_spi */# define TOUCH_PANEL_SPI_BASE 0xe8011000
/* tse_mac.control_port is a triple_speed_ethernet */# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_TSE_MAC_BASE 0xe8702800# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_TSE_RX_FIFO 2048# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_TSE_TX_FIFO 2048# define CONFIG_ALTERA_TSE# define CONFIG_MII# define CONFIG_CMD_MII# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_TSE_PHY_ADDR 18# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_TSE_FLAGS 0
/* pio_red_led.s1 is a altera_avalon_pio */# define PIO_RED_LED_BASE 0xe80000b0
/* sgdma_rx.csr is a altera_avalon_sgdma */# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_TSE_SGDMA_RX_BASE 0xe8702000
/* SEG7.s1 is a SEG7_IF */# define SEG7_BASE 0xe8000080
/* ps2_keyboard.avalon_ps2_slave is a altera_up_avalon_ps2 */# define PS2_KEYBOARD_BASE 0xe8000158
/* sysid.control_slave is a altera_avalon_sysid */# define CONFIG_SYS_SYSID_BASE 0xe8000150
/* timer_stamp.s1 is a altera_avalon_timer */# define CONFIG_SYS_TIMER_BASE 0xea60a420# define CONFIG_SYS_TIMER_IRQ 1# define CONFIG_SYS_TIMER_FREQ 0
/* ps2_mouse.avalon_ps2_slave is a altera_up_avalon_ps2 */# define PS2_MOUSE_BASE 0xe8000160
/* pio_button.s1 is a altera_avalon_pio */# define PIO_BUTTON_BASE 0xe80000d0
/* I2C_0.avalon_slave is a I2C_Master */# define I2C_0_BASE 0xe8000100
/* dma_0.control_port_slave is a altera_avalon_dma */# define DMA_0_BASE 0xe8000000
/* jtag_uart_0.avalon_jtag_slave is a altera_avalon_jtag_uart */# define CONFIG_SYS_JTAG_UART_BASE 0xea60a440
/* uart_0.s1 is a altera_avalon_uart */# define CONFIG_SYS_UART_BASE 0xe8000060# define CONFIG_SYS_UART_FREQ 0# define CONFIG_SYS_UART_BAUD 115200
/* eth_ocm_0.control_port is a eth_ocm */# define CONFIG_SYS_ETHOC_BASE 0xe8020000# define CONFIG_ETHOC
/* SVGA_sgdma.csr is a altera_avalon_sgdma */# define CONFIG_SYS_ALTERA_TSE_SGDMA_TX_BASE 0xea60a000
/* cfi_flash.s1 is a altera_avalon_cfi_flash */# define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE 0xe9000000# define CONFIG_FLASH_CFI_DRIVER# define CONFIG_SYS_CFI_FLASH_STATUS_POLL /* fix amd flash issue */# define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CFI# define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_USE_BUFFER_WRITE# define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_PROTECTION# define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_BANKS 1# define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT 1024
/* pio_green_led.s1 is a altera_avalon_pio */# define PIO_GREEN_LED_BASE 0xe80000a0
/* onchip_memory2_0.s1 is a altera_avalon_onchip_memory2 */# define ONCHIP_MEMORY2_0_BASE 0xea608000
/* altpll_0.pll_slave is a altpll */# define ALTPLL_0_BASE 0xe8000040
# endif /* _M_H_ */

And there are different addresses. For example:

--- Quote Start ---

pio_red_led: BASE = 0x0800_00b0, END = 0x0800_00bf

--- Quote End ---

but from this file:

/* pio_red_led.s1 is a altera_avalon_pio */# define PIO_RED_LED_BASE 0xe80000b0

which adresses are correct? because i tried to use your adresses but it doesn`t work.

there is code that i tried to use to turn on leds (based on the code that I found here http://lists.rocketboards.org/pipermail/nios2-dev/2012-september/006448.html ):

# include <stdio.h>
# include <stdlib.h>
# include <unistd.h>
# include <sys/mman.h>
# include <sys/types.h>
# include <sys/stat.h>
# include <fcntl.h>
 
# include <errno.h>
# define GPO_BASE     0x080000b0    //Absolute Base address
# define GPO_LEN      16    //Span of register to access
 int main(void)
 {
     int memfd;
     size_t map_len;
     void *ts_my;
     void *mapped;
     unsigned int pgoff;
     int value=0;
     memfd = open("/dev/mem", O_RDWR | O_SYNC );
        if (memfd < 0)
     {
         printf("Cannot open /dev/mem\n");
                exit(1);
     }
         pgoff = (unsigned int) (GPO_BASE & (sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE)-1));
         map_len = GPO_LEN + pgoff;
         mapped = mmap(NULL, map_len , (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE),MAP_SHARED, memfd, GPO_BASE - pgoff);
          if (mapped == MAP_FAILED )
          {
                printf("Cannot map registers\n");
        printf("Can't mmap %i = %s\n", errno, strerror(errno));
          }
         close(memfd);
     ts_my = mapped + pgoff;
//attempt to write to data register to switch on leds
     *(unsigned*)(ts_my+0x0) = 0xffff; 
     
     
     //value= *(unsigned*)(ts_my); //to read
     //printf("%d\n",value);
     printf("mapped:%x pgoff:%x ts_my=%p\n",(unsigned int)mapped,(unsigned int)pgoff, ts_my);
     printf("memorymapped register add:%x\n",(unsigned long *) ts_my);
     printf("memorymapped register value:%u\n",*(unsigned long *) ts_my);
     munmap(mapped, map_len);
     return EXIT_SUCCESS;
 }

Hi,

--- Quote Start ---

which adresses are correct? because i tried to use your adresses but it doesn`t work.

--- Quote End ---

You must know the meaning of addresses, "physical" and "virtual" ones. And also you must know the meaning of modes, "kernel mode" and "user mode".

pio_red_led: BASE = 0x0800_00b0, END = 0x0800_00bf

I mean those as physical ones.

Kazu

--- Quote Start ---

Hi,

You must know the meaning of addresses, "physical" and "virtual" ones. And also you must know the meaning of modes, "kernel mode" and "user mode".

pio_red_led: BASE = 0x0800_00b0, END = 0x0800_00bf

I mean those as physical ones.

Kazu

--- Quote End ---

Thanks.

Ok. But i dont try to write directly in physical address.

In code i put physical adress in mmap and it should give me virtual address that i can use to get access to registers.

If i write 0x1 to base address of red_led, will firts red led swith on?

And also i think to try to recompile linux, to be able to write drivers, e.t.c.

Is there an instruction how to compile linux with the same abilities (vga, usb, e.t.c.)?

Hi,

--- Quote Start ---

Ok. But i dont try to write directly in physical address.

In code i put physical adress in mmap and it should give me virtual address that i can use to get access to registers.

--- Quote End ---

Even the kernel can't use physical addresses directly. You must use those as 'kernel mode virtual addresses'.

--- Quote Start ---

And also i think to try to recompile linux, to be able to write drivers, e.t.c.

Is there an instruction how to compile linux with the same abilities (vga, usb, e.t.c.)?

--- Quote End ---

Frankly speaking, I think that you don't have enough knowledge to make a driver yet.

Kazu

--- Quote Start ---

Hi,

Even the kernel can't use physical addresses directly. You must use those as 'kernel mode virtual addresses'.

--- Quote End ---

I have never heard about "kernel mode virtual addresses". I cant find information about it. Can you give me reference?

Also i have solved my problems with ethernet. I didn`t notice this sentence.

And set the jumper switch 'JP1' to '2-3 short', because this example uses MII mode for the Ether Phy's interface.

About addresses: I have tried to use addresses that was generated by "sopc-create-config-files" tool. And it works.

Hi,

--- Quote Start ---

I have never heard about "kernel mode virtual addresses". I cant find information about it. Can you give me reference?

--- Quote End ---

Please refer

http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/nios2/n2cpu_nii51003.pdf

table 3-2 at pp.3-4. In this case, you must use the partition 'I/O' and note that these ranges are all 'virtual address' ones.

--- Quote Start ---

About addresses: I have tried to use addresses that was generated by "sopc-create-config-files" tool. And it works.

--- Quote End ---

If your purpose is only to drive leds etc., it is the easiest way. But if your purpose is to learn and make some Linux drivers, you must learn more.

Kazu

Kazu, thank you.

There is a LCD driver( http://www.alterawiki.com/wiki/lcd_16207 ).

Can I compile It for this linux without recompiling the kernel?

Hi,

--- Quote Start ---

There is a LCD driver( http://www.alterawiki.com/wiki/lcd_16207 ).

Can I compile It for this linux without recompiling the kernel?

--- Quote End ---

It's possible to compile driver modules without recompiling the kernel each time, but you may once compile it and make the 'linux-2.6.x' folder.

The attached file includes the sample code of LCD 16207. Please extract it and copy 'lcd_16207.ko' to your SD or somewhere.

To load the module, type

insmod lcd_16207.ko

('modprobe' will not work). After the verbose messages, if you get

...
reltype 12 0x38 name:<device_release>
Applying relocate section 16 to 15
reltype 12 0xbc name:<init_module>
reltype 12 0x104 name:<cleanup_module>
Device /dev/lcd16207 registered

then make a 'device file' by typing

mknod /dev/lcd16207 c 250 0

and you can send your message to the LCD by

echo "Hello LCD!" > /dev/lcd16207

.

If you want to recompile this module, please refer the header comments of the source file 'lcd_16207.c'.

Kazu

Kazuyasu, thank you.

Module works. But I can`t found where i can download 'linux-2.6.x'.

I found this instruction http://www.alterawiki.com/wiki/installnios2linux .

And according to it I downloaded sources from ftp://ftp.altera.com/outgoing/nios2-linux/20120802/

There are linux 2.6 sources. Are these sources suitable for compiling module?

And which sources were used for compiling VEEK/t-Pad linux ?

Hi,

--- Quote Start ---

Module works. But I can`t found where i can download 'linux-2.6.x'.

I found this instruction http://www.alterawiki.com/wiki/installnios2linux .

And according to it I downloaded sources from ftp://ftp.altera.com/outgoing/nios2-linux/20120802/

There are linux 2.6 sources. Are these sources suitable for compiling module?

And which sources were used for compiling VEEK/t-Pad linux ?

--- Quote End ---

The folder 'linux-2.6.x' is generated when you compile the kernel. To compile your modules, you don't need all files which are included in the folder 'linux-2.6.x'.

So, I'm now gathering the necessary files to compile modules, please wait for a while.

Kazu