Thanks for the reply. I agree that using auto-negotiation is a good practice but I am just wondering whether there is another state diagram similar to auto-negotiation in case both end nodes disable auto-negotiation. Actually I have a very simple configuration with 2 hosts with a single switch. When I perform ethtool eth1, then I saw two lines related to auto-negotiation. First is "advertised auto-negotiation : Yes" and second "Auto-negotiation : off". So in this configuration I think although auto-nego is disabled, the card still advertises its capabilities to the other end.