Forum Discussion
Trouble with CIC filter
I'm trying to implement a CIC decimation filter( with R = 1000, M = 1 and N = 2 ) and Fs = 1 MHz without using the CIC IP core. Using matlab implementation I found out that the suppression of the CIC filter will be 26.58 dB for all frequencies above 500Hz which is relatively good for my project. But on implementing the CIC filter whenever I'm passing a signal of 1KHz, the output of the cic filter is a dc offset which is the expected result but on passing frequencies above 5KHz I'm getting output of the CIC filter as noise. Can anyone please help me finding what's wrong with the code. The attachment contains the matlab freq response.
The data input is 12 bit, so the output will be 32 bit as per the CIC filter register growth equation. ENTITY cic_filter IS PORT( clk_in : IN std_logic; -- input sample rate clock(1 MHz) data_in : IN std_logic_vector(11 downto 0); -- sample data in, Q12._ clk_out : OUT std_logic; -- output clock (clk_in / 1000) data_out : OUT std_logic_vector(31 downto 0) -- data out ); END cic_filter; ARCHITECTURE behavior OF cic_filter IS -- latched, 32-bit data in signal l_data_in : signed(31 downto 0); -- outputs for each integrator stage signal integrator_out_1, integrator_out_2 : signed(31 downto 0) := (others => '0'); -- delayed outputs for each integrator stage signal l_integrator_out_1, l_integrator_out_2 : signed(31 downto 0) := (others => '0'); -- inputs for each comb stage signal comb_in_1, comb_in_2 : signed(31 downto 0) := (others => '0'); -- delayed inputs for each comb stage signal l_comb_in_1, l_comb_in_2 : signed(31 downto 0) := (others => '0'); -- decimation clock signal clk_decimated : std_logic; signal count : natural range 1 to 1000 := 1; begin l_data_in <= resize(signed(data_in),32); integrators : process( clk_in ) begin if( rising_edge(clk_in) ) then -- sums integrator_out_1 <= (l_data_in) + l_integrator_out_1; integrator_out_2 <= integrator_out_1 + l_integrator_out_2; -- delays l_integrator_out_1 <= integrator_out_1; l_integrator_out_2 <= integrator_out_2; end if; end process; decimation_clock : process( clk_in ) begin if( rising_edge(clk_in) ) then if( count = 1000 ) then count <= 1; clk_decimated <= '1'; else count <= count + 1; clk_decimated <= '0'; end if; end if; end process decimation_clock; clk_out <= clk_decimated; combs : process( clk_decimated ) begin if( rising_edge(clk_decimated) ) then -- decimation of integrator output comb_in_1 <= integrator_out_2; -- sums comb_in_2 <= comb_in_1 - l_comb_in_1; data_out <= std_logic_vector( comb_in_2 - l_comb_in_2 ); -- delays l_comb_in_1 <= comb_in_1; l_comb_in_2 <= comb_in_2; end if; end process; end behavior;11 Replies
- Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
without diving too deep you are implementing M as 2 as you are delaying extra:
I believe below is for M = 1 integrator_out_1 <= (l_data_in) +integrator_out_1; i.e. just acccumulator - Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
Hi Kaz,
Could you please be more elaborate ? I'm not able to get you. M - differential delay which I'm setting equal to 1, and N is the number of stages which is 2 is my case. - Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
M = 1 means one stage delay. Hence you need a basic accumulator where output goes through one register back to adder. What you should remember is that a signal assignment statement inside clocked process creates a register and so you don't need extra delay
- Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
So that means I don't need the
-- delays l_integrator_out_1 <= integrator_out_1; l_integrator_out_2 <= integrator_out_2; rather I only need integrator_out_1 <= (l_data_in) + integrator_out_1; -- ( o/p of the 1st integrator ) integrator_out_2 <= integrator_out_1 + integrator_out_2; -- (o/p of the 2nd integrator feed into the input of a comb) - Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
--- Quote Start --- So that means I don't need the -- delays l_integrator_out_1 <= integrator_out_1; l_integrator_out_2 <= integrator_out_2; rather I only need integrator_out_1 <= (l_data_in) + integrator_out_1; -- ( o/p of the 1st integrator ) integrator_out_2 <= integrator_out_1 + integrator_out_2; -- (o/p of the 2nd integrator feed into the input of a comb) --- Quote End --- yes just basic two cascaded accumulators. - Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
Thanks for the information. So for the comb similar will be the case right ?
comb_in_2 <= comb_in_1 - comb_in_1; data_out <= std_logic_vector( comb_in_2 - comb_in_2 ); Let me try this - Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
--- Quote Start --- Thanks for the information. So for the comb similar will be the case right ? comb_in_2 <= comb_in_1 - comb_in_1; data_out <= std_logic_vector( comb_in_2 - comb_in_2 ); Let me try this --- Quote End --- That equals zero (by inspection) - Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
Yup.. what was I thinking. Then for the comb I need to use the delay element right ?
- Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
Still I'm getting noise at the output when passing 5 KHz signal, can't figure out why
- Altera_Forum
Honored Contributor
Thanks a lot for your input. It worked :)