The Quartus version, build date and device part number may well be stored in a .pof generated by Quartus. However, this information isn't programmed into the device. So any .pof generated by examining the device will not have the info you're looking for. It may well have populated these fields. However, you'll find the Quartus version will be the one you've used to examine the device, not the original version. The build date is likely to be the examine date and device part number is fixed.
Altera don't openly publish the .pof file format. So, you're at the mercy of Quartus and what info it presents. You can search around for some info on the file format. There are a number that appear credible.
However, the checksum - as suggested - should be valid and much easier.
Cheers,
Alex