Hi.
Greeting and welcome to Intel's Forum!
Regarding your question I will answer accordingly with links and additional information.
Question 1, 2 & 4- Here are the specifications of NIOS II and references on the set instructions(Section : https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/programmable/us/en/pdfs/literature/hb/nios2/n2cpu-nii5v1gen2.pdf
https://techdocs.altium.com/display/FPGA/Altera+Nios+II
Question 3- Here are some community discussions on how well NIOS II performs: https://www.embeddedrelated.com/showthread/fpga-cpu/2182-1.php
Question 5: Apologies as CLZ is related to ARM and we do not have any resources from our side therefore you may post on ARM's forum and here is the link to ARM's community forum page: https://community.arm.com/f
Question 6: Here are information on the processor's maximum frequency by devices at the processor performance section : https://www.intel.la/content/www/xl/es/products/programmable/processor/nios-ii.html
Question 7: I will get back to you as soon as possible on this as I will have to ask the internal engineering team whether we have any documentation on this.
Hope this clarifies your doubts and feel free to ask any questions about the NIOS II processor and I will be happy to assist you.
Thank you.
Regards,
Kelly