On the high level, you can refer to the device design guideline document to get started. You can locate the device design guidelines on Altera website (just search for <device name> design guidelines.
Now, if you want some in depth details, I can break it down into several more helpful docs:
1. pin connection guidelines document - this tells you which pins that connect to power/ground/etc. Search for "<device name> PCG".
2. Schematic review document - similar to PCG but adds notes for checklist:
https://www.altera.com/support/support-resources/download/board-layout-test/schematic-review-ws.html 3. PDN (to guide you on the power distribuiton network) - you can get them from here:
https://www.altera.com/support/support-resources/support-centers/signal-power-integrity/power-distribution-network.html 4. Thermal information on device (for heatsink design ) - search for <device name> EPE tool