From your figures I see that you must transfer 7.2MBytes/s, if you use raw uncompressed data. I think your actual Nios system could hardly manage it; please note that Nios is a rather slow processor.
What you can do is implement a sgdma channel to move data from camera front end to the ethernet and use Nios to start/stop/supervise the transfer.
Moreover you must use a fast ethernet protocol because the tcp/ip you are probably using in your current design can not sustain such a high data rate (I guess you are using SSS sample or something similar).
IIRC there is at least one reference design in the altera wiki or in the knowledge base on altera website.