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You can do a NOT gate or rising/falling edge. There is an inversion as the clock goes into the LAB that has negligible delay.
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Being (a bit) pedantic: as shown on
page 2-9 (http://www.altera.com/literature/hb/cyc2/cyc2_cii51002.pdf) there is a mux that selects between the 'true' and the 'inverted' global(s) to feed the LAB. If there is any difference in the delay I expect TimeQuest will take that into account.
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Strictly NO !, you can't "shift 180°" with NOT gate because gates introduce a delay, so 180° is NOT guaranteed by this way.
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'Definitely YES' I'd say ...