Can a Max 10 output tolerate be connected to 5V through a 10K resistor during power off, programming and configuration?

Hi Pete,

Sorry it cannot be. The reason is because the absolute maximum rating for IO is 3.9V. Anything beyond that will cause damage to the I/O buffer.

https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/programmable/us/en/pdfs/literature/hb/max-10/m10_datasheet.pdf (Page 4)

Thank You