On-Chip Memory

I'm not sure how much memory that device has, Quartus II will tell you and so will the device documentation. If you must run with the full C library then I recommend adding the SDRAM controller to the design. It would probably easier to take a design that already has the SDRAM controller and just remove the stuff you don't need. I'm not overly familar with that board but I'm sure there are plently of designs you can compile with open core plus JTAG tethering.