MAX 10 FPGA only support internal configuration and JTAG in-system configuration. You can boot the FPGA from the on chip flash and you can do normal JTAG configuration on the FPGA . i am sure max 10 internal flash is enough memory to store the logic. I do not think MAX 10 supports AS configuration for FPGA as it is not stated in the user manual.Link below for your reference
https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/programmable/us/en/pdfs/literature/hb/max-10/ug_m10_config.pdf
if you looking for Nios , Kindly follow below application notes which explained all the methods of nios booting
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/programmable/documentation/iga1446487888057.html#fwl1479912385825
thank you ,
Regards,
Sree