1- No, Altera doesn't provide any means for that. If you are using blocking channels and try to read from an empty channel (or write to one that is full), your kernel will stall. You have to make sure the sender and receiver read and write the same number of values to avoid stalls. The behavior and usage of the channels is extensively discussed in the Programming Guide and Best Practices Guide.
2- Yes, v16.1 has beta support for host channels but it is not available publicly, you should contact Altera for that. Your BSP should also have support for such channels.