You didn't provide much about your design or method to work with looking for your problem. You already suspect you need to do timing constraints. That is generally true. The book HDL chip design by Douglas Smith is very practical and gives a great overview of how to do design, such as what matters and how do it. Do you use synchronous design techniques? Do you use a global asynchronous (i.e. power up) reset?
To ensure your part is alive:
1) check powers are in spec. DMM at least, scope better
2) check the part always configures, esp. with LED's
3) check the clock source with a scope to ensure proper levels and integrity
4) check the internal clocks working, with signal tap, PLL locked, etc.
5) ensure synchronous and meets timing
Once you are generally working you can troubleshoot an individual function.