Quartus compile message options?

With respect to the State Machine encoding: If you have any code that Quartus recognized as a State Machine, the compilation report will have a folder under "Analysis & Synthesis" called "State Machines". All the encoding is listed there.

For identifying how the cells were used, I think Brad's suggestion isn't as off the mark as you think. For example, I coded up a simple accumulator in VHDL. Quartus comes back and tells me that all 12 of the used Logic Cells were used by an inferred lpm_add_sub_component. When I code up a multiplier that uses 42 logic cells, it tells me that 24 were used on an inferred combinatorial multiplier, 9 were used in one inferred lpm_add_sub adder and the last 9 were used in a second lpm_add_sub adder.

That said, I've been doing this stuff for a while and this is the first time I've gone to look at this level of synthesis results. In general, every time I've been unhappy with area usage or speed and tried to provide more "guidance" for the tool, I tend to just mess things up worse. Admittedly, that may be more of a knock against my coding skills than anything else :-)