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Generally speaking, what is the phase step (x = x+step; x0=0) for making such a table to satisfy the average precision requirement?
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generally speaking, the answer depends completely on application requirements, any precision between e.g. 8 and 24 bit might be appropriate. It's usually a propagation of uncertainty problem, so an exact calculation would derive the cos(x)/sin(x) precision from the impact on final signal processing result.
For medium precision requirements, e.g. 10 or 12 bit table address, ROM resources aren't a problem. Above it, you probably start to think about hybrid methods to save table size. A straightforward method with small footprint is linear table interpolation.
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