How is memory synthesized by quartus ii ?

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From the examples which you have shown, it seems that the tool will synthesize the code by using RAM blocks if I write something like:

module ram_single(q, a, d, we, clk); output[7:0] q; input [7:0] d; input [6:0] a; input we, clk; reg [7:0] mem [127:0]; always @(posedge clk) begin if (we) mem[a] <= d; q <= mem[a]; endendmodule

And If I write something like

reg [63:0] mem[4095:0];

The tool will be converting this into logic elements. Is this correct??

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Its not really to do with the size of the array, more to do with how you access it.

As long as the code is synchronous and follows the ram tamplates: https://www.altera.co.jp/ja_jp/pdfs/literature/hb/qts/qts_qii51007.pdf

It should infer one large ram (which underneath is made up of lots of smaller rams).