You should look for a tutorial about hierarchical design (and maybe in Verilog rather than VHDL, as your top level file is in Verilog right now).
Basically all the lines between
// Qsys system
nios2_bemicro_system u0 (
and
);
are assignments, connections between a port on the QSys component and a port on the top level verilog file (that are also FPGA pins). For example this line
.mobile_ddr_sdram_external_CKE (RAM_CKE), // .CKE
says the QSys mobile_ddr_sdram_external_CKE port to the FPGA port RAM_CKE.
In your case you'll probably need to add something like
.CLK_FPGA_50M(EXT_CLK_50),
You don't need to do anything to make Quartus aware you made a change. When yo compile your project it will look into all your files. If there is a problem when trying to connect together your QSys project and the top level file then you'll get an error.