I agree with dsl in the fact SSRAM needs to be initialized and bootloaded, too.
So what's the point in loading code from SSRAM to onchip ram? You can directly load code into onchip ram.
Unless you have a particular boot method (i.e. a host processor loads code in a shared SSRAM and then Nios boots from there), you usually have a non-volatile memory (flash) to boot from.
If you intend to load specific code sections into onchipram, you can use the macro ALT_LOAD_SECTION_BY_NAME(onchipram) at the very beginning of main().
All functions defined with the attribute
__attribute__ ((section (".onchipram")))
will be then loaded from nv memory.
This is mandatory if onchipram is not defined as the the program memory .text section, because the standard booloader doesn't initialize these extra code sections.