That's the thing, there is no .ngc/.ncd equivalent. Everything is stored in multiple files in the /db. If I remember correctly, the .ngc and .ncd are binary files that you don't actually read or do anything, you just use them as inputs into your next step. In the Altera flow(GUI or script), you just run the next step and don't have to specify the input.
Can you elaborate what you're trying to do? Just trying to find the equivalent files isn't necessary, and it's probably better to understand the goal and explain how that's done in Altera tools.