If you are on Windows then the most likely reason this is not working is because you haven't installed the kernel mode drivers for it. Open the device manager and you should see the USB blaster under "Universal Serial Bus Controllers".
If this isn't there then you will probably have an unknown device - right click and look at properties; in the details tab look at the hardware IDs. For USB-Blaster you should see something like USB\VID_
09fb&PID_
6001. Once you have found the Unknown device go to the driver tab, select update driver and point to the correct folder under your installed quartus/drivers to get the right driver installed.
If you are on Linux then run lsusb to try and find your cable (again, the ID will be 09FB:6001). Check that you have installed the udev patch which sets the port permissions for the cable, after that it should just work.