Hello Daniel,
Do you use original Altera USB Blaster?
The best reliable source is TimeQuest Analyzer Cookbook that is written by Altera.
In DE1-Soc I have found an example with these constraints:
# for enhancing USB BlasterII to be reliable, 25MHz
create_clock -name {altera_reserved_tck} -period 40 {altera_reserved_tck}
set_input_delay -clock altera_reserved_tck -clock_fall 3
set_input_delay -clock altera_reserved_tck -clock_fall 3
set_output_delay -clock altera_reserved_tck 3
So you are not alone with JTAG problems on unconstrained designs. Actual values of constraints depends on your hardware (jtag connector to FPGA routes).
Best regards,
Leonardo