OpenCL does not have a built-in triple or quad precision data type. However, if you have C or OpenCL-based libraries that implement such data types and their associated mathematical operations, then you can probably use them on any standard OpenCL device, including FPGAs. On FPGAs in particular, if you have access to existing HDL libraries that implement such functions, then you can also use those libraries in OpenCL.
>Is there an open source fpga opencl?
If you mean free OpenCL compiler/SDK for FPGAs, Intel FPGA SDK for OpenCL does not require a license starting from v17.1. However, you will need a license for Quartus to be able to place and route the design.
>Does it give better than cpu flops (say libquadmath) or x87?
This is uncharted territory and will depend on many different things: the efficiency of the implementation on the FPGA, the size of the target FPGA, the performance of the CPU you are comparing against, etc. Assuming that you have access to IEEE, this is an interesting paper you might want to look at where they use HDL libraries for implementing quad-precision in OpenCL:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8742336