Hi Christian,
Thanks for sharing the error log.
It does looked like still the same errors.
I guess you have to use the quartus in your other computer.
You already reinstalled everything in your main computer but still cannot solve the problem.
But your other computer can simply solve the error when applying the workaround.
Even both computers are same.
Or is there any difference between the computers?
But if you still want to use your main computer, maybe you can implement the quartus into the virtual machine(vm).
But I'm not guarantee it will work.
I hope that you understand about this.
Regards,
Adzim