Quartus complaint: My LOOP is too big? But the code is from the book, what's wrong?

The code from the book looks like it was written for use in a simulator. This code clearly cannot be synthesized.

Are you are studying how to develop hardware for doing floating point? Unless that is the case, using floating point in an FPGA is not the best solution. If your goal is to do a parallel calculation, you should convert your problem domain to integer or fixed point. Nearly every computation using physical world data can be done with integers or fixed point. Study numerical methods to see how this is done. Once you've converted your problem space then you can start your FPGA work.