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Trying to design temperature sensor, it would require varying input voltage at some comparator.
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Why would you try to design a temperature sensor, when there are very good parts already available?
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The design ought to be typically digital and inbuilt in the FPGA, so using an external comparator would not be an alternative. Do u think a voltage-to-frequency converter using linear voltage controlled oscillator would suffice???
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This design would require an external voltage-to-frequency converter, so that breaks your idea to keep everything digital.
If the goal is to sense DC voltages using an FPGA, then you can use an LVDS receiver to build a sigma-delta converter, however, I'm not sure how accurate it would be.
It sounds to me like you are making more complicated than they need to be.
Cheers,
Dave