Thanks for the suggestion, aprado. I tried some of the different build options under the busybox menu, but none made a difference.
To make sure the problem was originating in the busybox component, I disabled it entirely. This allowed me to get further, but I still had errors when trying to find the uuid/uuid.h header. I installed the uuid-dev package (Ubuntu) and was then able to complete a build. This appears to have also been the root cause of the busybox error. After installing uuid-dev and enabling busybox again, everything seems to have built without error.