Got some additional information:
In SOPC Builder I did the configuration as it is told here:
http://www.alterawiki.com/wiki/creating_a_nios_ii_design_with_an_mmu ..so as you can see I configured Fast TLB Miss Exception Vector to the onchip_memory.
This way I get the result as posted above/beginning.
Now I tried to change the Fast TLB Miss Exception Vector to SDRam, same as the (standard) Exception Vector. I attached a screenshot so it's easy to see what I mean. I did not change anything else but this TLB Miss Exception Vector, and now the result is a boot until "calibrating delay loop..." and then nothing happens, the unhandled exception that always occured at this point does not show up but the system of course still doesn't boot (though the reset vector is pointing to Flash I download via nios2-download -g ... for the moment):
Linux version 3.3.0-rc6-01289-g036d5b6 (andreas@igor) (gcc version 4.1.2)# 21 Fri Mar 9 10:58:24 CET 2012
bootconsole [early0] enabled
early_console initialized at 0xe9001040
On node 0 totalpages: 8192
free_area_init_node: node 0, pgdat d0578b14, node_mem_map d058ec60
DMA zone: 64 pages used for memmap
DMA zone: 0 pages reserved
DMA zone: 8128 pages, LIFO batch:0
pcpu-alloc: s0 r0 d32768 u32768 alloc=1*32768
pcpu-alloc: [0] 0
Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. Total pages: 8128
Kernel command line:
PID hash table entries: 128 (order: -3, 512 bytes)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 2048 (order: 1, 8192 bytes)
Memory available: 26760k/5682k RAM (2263k kernel code, 3419k data)
NR_IRQS:64
Calibrating delay loop...
Another member got this problem a little time ago and posted in this thread:
http://www.alteraforum.com/forum/showthread.php?t=27543 But he could never solve the problem as it seems, I also followed his link to the mailing list but there is no solution to the problem.
My board is a DE2-70, too btw. ;)
Does anyone else have an idea?
Thanks for help,
Andi