How to program MAX10 based On-Board USB Blaster II ?

You could take a look at the following AN:

http://www.cypress.com/file/44956/download

http://www.cypress.com/file/44791/download

But, don't expect Intel (Altera) to share copy-righted code/design on the Embedded USB Blaster II technology. You will have to figure this out by yourself using the links provided.

One observation is that, this FX2 USB controller has been used to configure the FPGA at the end and thats about it. What you're trying to do is to configure the Max10 and then use it to configure another FPGA downstream. This is what Intel(Altera's) Embedded USB Blaster-II does.

To do this, you will have to use a CPLD which will have your custom design which mimics the USB Blaster functionality already configured onto it and then use it to pass on/configure the next downstream FPGA configuration data.