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I have a further question. Suppose one solders a brand new chip onto the PCB. What state would it's pins be in?
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You'll have to read the MAX V handbook.
They should be tri-stated, since their function has not been defined.
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I ask because one of the chip's pins are connected to pull up resistors. If the default state is an output then powering up a brand new chip might cause some I/O damage - but if that is the case, how is one supposed to program it?
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Your pull-up will define the power-on state with a blank device.
You can also program the devices prior to assembly. There are TQFP and BGA sockets available.
For small numbers of boards, its easier just to use the JTAG to program the boards.
Cheers,
Dave