New Joiner

Oddly enough, for the things that go on inside an FPGA, you do not need to know much about electronics (it helps - or maybe it gets in the way - I will leave that debate to another time & place - and I have a Masters Degree in EE).

That said - what you do ned to develop is a good sense of logic, how things in one 'state' combined with some new information (inputs) lead to another 'state', and the resulting 'states' outputs.

All the rest of it is just a build up from there.

The place where an understanding about electronics comes in is at the PIN level interface of the FPGA, where you have to have certain voltages (high or low) at the appropraite levels (voltage) to make the external components behave correctly. And they have to get there at the right time before the external device 'expects' or 'take a picture of them' (like a photograph) so that you do not get a 'smeared image' of them.

Have fun, let's see what others post in terms of learning the terms you have listed, keep us posted as you head along the journey.