Internal errors are issues that Altera didn't code for, so there's not a nice clean message and they're almost impossible to debug. As MSchmitt said, file it with Altera. The other options are the more generic types of debug:
- Make sure you have the latest version of Quartus
- Try to remember what changes you made that introduced the IE to see if it can be narrowed down to a specific "change", and then see if that is a valid change or if it can be done another way.
- Try to reduce your design to sub-components and see if they have the problem. (Searching in the dark)
- Randomly change synthesis stuff to see if that helps. Change the Optimization goal between Balanced/Area/Speed. Turn off/on Physical Synthesis. Add a Partition. That's completely guessing in the dark, but might work while you wait for a resolution.