Look at this document : nios ii flash programmer user guide (http://www.altera.com/literature/ug/ug_nios2_flash_programmer.pdf)
Appendix D, chapter "No CFI table found" Error :
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When you run the flash programmer to program CFI flash memory, you
get the error: "No CFI table found at address <base address>"
Probable Cause
The flash programmer can connect with a Nios II JTAG debug module in
the FPGA, but it can not successfully execute a query to a flash memory
at the base address specified.
Suggested Actions
■ If you are using nios2-flash-programmer in command-line mode,
make sure you specified the correct base address for the CFI device.
You can find the flash memory's base address in SOPC Builder.
■ Run nios2-flash-programmer in command-line mode with the
--debug parameter. This command dumps the flash memory's
query table. Compare the output with the flash memory device's
data sheet. For further details, see Chapter 3, Using the Flash
Programmer in Command-Line Mode.
■ Ensure your flash memory hardware is correctly connected to place
it at the base address specified in SOPC Builder. Verify the base
address by running the "Test Flash" routine in the "Memory Test"
software template provided in the Nios II IDE. If the test fails, there
is a problem with your memory connection. There are two places to
look for the problem:
● The physical connection on your target board
● The pin assignments on the top-level FPGA design
■ If all else fails, make sure the flash memory device you are using does
not require an override file. See Appendix A, Non-Standard Flash
Memories for details.
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