Hello, you need to implement the interface to the Accelerometer chip on the board. It is not as simple as accessing registers with the acceleration values stored in them. The accelerometer is connected to the FPGA through an I2C serial bus (which uses the 4 signals you mentioned).
I suggest that you read the data sheet for the accelerometer chip (which can be found on the DE0-Nano CDROM). This will tell you the timing of the various signals needed to interface to the chip as well as the various modes that the accelerometer can operate in. Be warned that it is a non-trivial matter to get this working. You might want to start off by trying to write an interface to the EEPROM chip. It also uses an I2C interface, but is much simpler than the accelerometer chip.