For all intents and purposes probably to a high degree not possible to do.
Most likely on a commercial product such as this the 'security' bit is set in the Altera device, so you cannot read the programming.
Even if it were not set, the fact that it does not work and is overheating likely means it is nonfunctional, so reading it is moot.
Even if you wanted to go further, existing available programming tools for the device (Quartus 13.0sp1 on this site) to
not support reading the firmware out via the JTAG interface. The feature was deprecated in the software.
You would need to remove the device from the board and use a 3rd party programmer (ie, from Xeltek or EETools) that
supports programming the device family. They provide both read and write capabilities in their software/hardware.
Such a tool will likely set you back in terms of cost much more than your card is worth.
Recycle the card. It has had a good life. It has crossed over the rainbow bridge. Say goodbye.
Find a new card.